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It's nesting time for piping plovers, NYC's 'cotton balls with legs'
By
Amanda Rozon
Published Apr 5, 2026
Modified Apr 6, 2026
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Courtesy of the NYC Plover Project
By
Amanda Rozon
Published Apr 5, 2026
Modified Apr 6, 2026
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Each spring and summer, a few stretches of Rockaway Beach are reserved for a special return visitor: the piping plover.
In 1985, the tiny shorebird was listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act after shoreline development, recreational beach use and early 20th century hunting severely diminished their population. After the bird was spotted nesting on Rockaway Beach about a decade later, the parks department established the Rockaway Beach Endangered Species Nesting Area between Beach 39th Street and Beach 57th Street.
The stretch is an ideal location to go check out the only endangered species regularly seen within the five boroughs. As a bonus, you’ll likely also see other shorebirds, like American oystercatchers and black skimmers.
Here are a few facts about the rare bird.
Cotton balls with legs
- Starting around April, piping plovers breed on shorelines along North Atlantic coasts like Rockaway, as well as the Northern Great Plains and the Great Lakes. They migrate south sometime in August to spend winters along the Southeastern U.S., the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.
- An adult piping plover is about 7 inches long with a nearly 15-inch wingspan. The bird’s black bill takes on some orange in the summertime. The chicks are so tiny they resemble cotton balls with legs.
- Piping plovers are considered an endangered species in New York state, and are listed as threatened at the federal level. They’re the only federally listed endangered or threatened shorebird species that breeds on New York City beaches. According to the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, there're roughly 8,000 individual piping plovers left in the world. In New York City, just about 100 of the birds (roughly 50 pairs) come each year to nest on the shorelines of Rockaway Beach, Breezy Point and Fort Tilden. But few successfully hatch chicks that survive past 30 days and are able to fly, particularly at the Rockaways, which are among the busiest urban beaches in the country. High tides, flooding, predators and human activity along the shoreline often destroy nests and cut chicks’ lives short.
- The Trump administration's recent move to open the Gulf of Mexico to more oil drilling could spell trouble for the piping plover, which calls the area home. On Tuesday, the federal Endangered Species Committee voted unanimously to allow oil and gas companies to bypass endangered species protections in the Gulf of Mexico. The committee is colloquially known as the “God Squad” because of its control over the fate of very vulnerable species. Critics of the decision say it will mostly affect the endangered Rice’s whale in the Gulf.
- Piping plovers can’t survive without access to the waterline. They mainly eat worms and other small ocean creatures that are found just below the surface of the sand along the water's edge.
- Dogs are a threat to piping plovers. According to the NYC Plover Project, the birds and their chicks have been killed by dogs in New York and other places where the birds nest. The volunteer organization says that even the presence of dogs will prevent plovers from incubating their nests out of fear and distract them from looking out for other predators.
The piping plover is considered endangered by New York State.
NYC Plover Project
A few plover pleas
- Don’t feed the birds. The parks department says the birds are on a strict diet of invertebrates, such as insects and small crustaceans, which the Atlantic Ocean washes up in plentiful amounts. You can help by keeping the beach litter-free to keep their food source clean.
- If you see a plover that’s wandered away from its nesting area, don’t worry. The parks department says the bird will use its own natural instinct to find its way back home.
- It’s OK to go up to the fence line to try to catch a glimpse of the piping plovers, but use binoculars and keep a safe distance.
- The plover is easily startled by humans and dogs, and pets that are off-leash might wander into sensitive areas. Rockaway beach also rules prohibit leashed dogs on the beach and boardwalk from Memorial Day weekend to Oct. 1, according to the city parks department. See the city parks department and National Park Service sites for further restrictions at area parks and beaches.
This story has been updated to clarify and correct several details about the piping plover and its habitat.
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